Quantum Physics, Computer Science, Plato’s Cave, and Psychedelics: Reality as a Construct

At first glance, quantum physics, computer science, Plato’s Cave, and psychedelics seem to have little in common. One belongs to modern physics, another to computation, the third to ancient philosophy, and the fourth to neurochemistry. Yet all of them converge on the same fundamental question:

Is reality something objective, or is it a model constructed by the mind?


Plato’s Cave: The First Model of Mediated Reality

In his famous allegory of the cave, described in The Republic, Plato presents people who have been chained inside a cave since birth. They can see only shadows cast on a wall by objects behind them, illuminated by a fire. Having never seen anything else, they take these shadows to be reality itself.

The core message is timeless:

  • our knowledge of reality is limited
  • what we perceive through the senses may be only a representation
  • true reality may exist beyond ordinary perception

Although Plato was not concerned with physics, he articulated a problem that reappears—more than two thousand years later—in entirely different disciplines.


Quantum Physics: A World Without Fixed States

Modern quantum physics transforms this philosophical insight into experimental fact:

  • physical systems do not possess definite properties prior to measurement
  • reality is described probabilistically
  • observation is not passive, but actively affects outcomes

An electron is not a tiny solid particle moving through space. It is described by a wave function—a mathematical structure encoding possible outcomes. Only through measurement does one of these possibilities become actual.

Much like in Plato’s cave, we do not observe reality itself, but only its projection into our measuring apparatus.


Computer Science: Reality as Model and Information

Computer science adds yet another layer. It teaches us that:

  • reality can be modeled
  • the state of a system can be represented as information
  • information can be processed, simulated, and transformed

A virtual machine is not a physical server but a model of one. A digital photograph is not the object it depicts, but a representation. A weather simulation is not the weather itself, but a computational approximation.

As models improve, it becomes increasingly easy to forget that we are dealing with representations rather than reality itself.


Psychedelics and Ketamine: When the Interface Breaks Down

Here psychedelics and dissociatives enter the picture, such as ketamine.

Unlike alcohol or stimulants, these substances do not merely alter the contents of perception. Instead, they disrupt the mechanism that constructs reality itself.

Subjectively, this can lead to:

  • dissolution of the ego
  • loss of bodily boundaries
  • separation of self from thoughts
  • the impression that reality is a mental construct

This is not simply “seeing hallucinations.” Rather, the cognitive filter responsible for suppressing chaos, maintaining continuity, and constructing a stable sense of self temporarily breaks down.


The Brain as a Reality Renderer

From a neuroscientific perspective, the brain functions as a predictive engine:

  • constantly generating hypotheses about the world
  • using sensory input primarily for error correction

Psychedelics interfere with this process:

  • top-down models lose dominance
  • experience fragments into raw sensory data
  • the idea of a single, correct interpretation dissolves

In other words, one realizes that one has been watching shadows all along—and that the projector is inside the mind.


The Common Thread

Domain                What it Reveals                     
Plato                 Reality is mediated
Quantum physics       Reality is not fixed
Computer science      Reality is modeled
Psychedelics          The model can be disrupted

All four perspectives point to the same conclusion:

Reality is not what we see. It is what the brain can stably maintain.


Conclusion: Leaving the Cave Is Not Comfortable

Plato warned that a person who escapes the cave would be blinded by the light and rejected by those who remain inside. Modern equivalents of leaving the cave may come through physics, code, or altered states of consciousness.

In every case, the result is the same: 

Knowledge is not comfortable, but it is liberating.

Perhaps we are not prisoners of the cave because we are ignorant, but because the illusion of reality is evolutionarily useful.

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